What is a Database Management System (DBMS)?
Explain the purpose and functions of a DBMS.
Differences between DBMS and RDBMS.
What are the different types of DBMS?
- Hierarchical, Network, Relational, and Object-oriented DBMS.
Explain ACID properties in a DBMS.
- Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability.
What is normalization? Explain its types.
- 1NF, 2NF, 3NF, BCNF, and higher normal forms.
What are joins in SQL? Explain different types.
- Inner Join, Left Join, Right Join, Full Join, Cross Join.
What is a primary key?
- Definition and importance of primary keys in a database.
What is a foreign key?
- Definition and role of foreign keys in maintaining referential integrity.
What is indexing? How does it improve query performance?
- Types of indexes: B-Tree, Hash, Bitmap, etc.
Explain the difference between DELETE, TRUNCATE, and DROP commands.
- Use cases and performance implications of each command.
What is a transaction?
- Definition, lifecycle, and importance in DBMS.
What is a deadlock? How can it be resolved?
- Causes of deadlocks and techniques for deadlock prevention and resolution.
What is SQL injection? How can it be prevented?
- Explanation of SQL injection attacks and best practices for prevention.
Explain the concept of views in SQL.
- Use cases and benefits of using views.
What are stored procedures and functions?
- Differences, advantages, and use cases.
What is a trigger in SQL?
- Definition, types, and examples of triggers.
Explain the difference between clustered and non-clustered indexes.
- Use cases and performance considerations.
What are the different isolation levels in a DBMS?
- Read Uncommitted, Read Committed, Repeatable Read, Serializable.
What is the difference between OLTP and OLAP?
- Characteristics and use cases of Online Transaction Processing (OLTP) and Online Analytical Processing (OLAP).
Explain the concept of a database schema.
- Definition and types of database schemas: physical and logical.
What is the purpose of the GROUP BY and HAVING clauses in SQL?
- Use cases and examples of GROUP BY and HAVING clauses.